Asthma is a chronic heterogeneous respiratory disorder characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, reversible airflow limitation, mucus hypersecretion and, in some patients, airway remodeling. Although inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators remain the mainstay of asthma management, the search for naturally derived compounds with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and bronchodilatory properties has increased considerably. Artemisia vulgaris L., commonly known as mugwort, is a medicinal plant belonging to the family Asteraceae and has a long history of traditional use in several systems of medicine. Phytochemical investigations have demonstrated the presence of flavonoids, phenolic acids, coumarins, sesquiterpene lactones, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, tannins and other secondary metabolites. These constituents have been associated with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. Experimental studies of particular relevance to allergy have shown that A. coli. The crude extracts were shown to relax airway smooth muscle and inhibit carbachol-stimulated bronchoconstriction, suggesting the involvement of anticholinergic and calcium channel antagonist mechanisms. Other investigations demonstrated histamine H1 receptor antagonism in tracheal preparations and identified sesquiterpene lactones such as yomogin as potentially active constituents. In addition, A. vulgaris leaves contain phenolic compounds and flavonoids with considerable antioxidant capacity. However, evidence directly demonstrating the therapeutic efficacy of standardized A. vulgaris leaf extracts in validated experimental asthma models remains limited. This review summarizes the botanical characteristics, phytochemical constituents, traditional relevance, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, broncho dilatory mechanisms, potential molecular targets, safety considerations and research opportunities associated with A. vulgaris leaves in asthma. The available evidence suggests that A. vulgaris leaves represent a promising source of bioactive compounds for anti-asthmatic drug discovery, although further standardized in vitro, in vivo, and molecular studies are required before therapeutic claims can be established.