ASSESSMENT OF INHALATION PRACTICES FOR PATIENTS WITH ASTHMA

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Dr. D. Rathnasree, Chinthakuntla Nikhitha, Ajhar Uddin, Meesala Mahender Reddy

ABSTRACT: Background: Asthma is a chronic respiratory disorder marked by airway inflammation and constriction, which manifests as coughing, wheezing, and dyspnea. A considerable proportion of the patient population seeking medical attention comprises individuals diagnosed with asthma, and exacerbations of the condition frequently result in hospital admissions. One of the predominant contributors to suboptimal asthma management is incorrect inhaler technique. Proper inhaler usage enhances drug delivery efficiency, potentially lowering the required dosage and minimizing associated adverse effects. Various inhalation devices are utilized in asthma management, including pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs), dry powder inhalers (DPIs), and nebulizers. This study focuses on evaluating the correctness of inhaler techniques among asthma patients and emphasizes the need for proper device handling. Objectives: The principal aim of this study was to identify common inhaler usage errors, assess the accuracy of inhalation techniques among asthmatic patients, and evaluate the safety and therapeutic effectiveness of inhaler-based treatment. Methodology: This prospective observational study was conducted on a sample of approximately 150 adult asthma outpatients aged between 18 and 90 years, selected according to predetermined inclusion criteria. The study’s primary goal was to detect inhalation technique errors. Given that correct inhaler usage is vital for optimal medication delivery, the complexity of various devices often results in misuse. A standardized checklist was employed to assess the accuracy of inhaler usage. Results: The study revealed that the most frequently used inhaler type was the DPI (46.6%), followed by pMDI (40%) and nebulizers (30%). A notable observation was the high rate of technique errors among patients with lower literacy levels and those with only primary education. The combination therapy of formoterol and budesonide was the most commonly prescribed medication, with a standard dosage of 200 mcg administered via MDI and DPI, and 0.5 mg via nebulizer. Reported adverse effects were minimal, affirming the safety profile of inhaler-based therapies. Conclusion: The findings indicate that a majority of participants demonstrated incorrect inhaler techniques, often committing multiple errors. Repetitive training and practical demonstrations are essential to improve patient competence in using inhalers. Despite the high error rates, the treatment was generally safe, underscoring the need to enhance patient education regarding proper inhaler use.

Asthma, Inhaler devices, Inhalation techniques, pMDI, DPI, Nebulizer, Technique errors, Safety, Patient education, Demonstration.